![]() ![]() As Jane Smith explains, A ducks quack doesnt. If you do not know the name of the author, use the name of the organization that published the work you are citing.Įxample 1: According to Kristine Johnson, there is a connection between writing and emotion (59-60).Įxample 2: Michelle Navarre Cleary proposes ten reasons why students plagiarize (66-71). Notice the signal phrases (in bold print) used in the following examples. A signal phrase includes a verb as well as the name of the author who wrote your source. The first time you mention a source in your paper, you must include a signal phrase. MLA Signal Phrase Verbs Acknowledges, Counters, Notes Admits, Declares, Observes Agrees, Denies, Points out Argues, Disputes, Reasons Asserts, Emphasizes. Try one of these signal phrases to create a smooth transition from your words to the quotation: According to Flynn '.' (98). ![]() A signal phrase often names the author of the source and provides context. Just use the author's name or the title of the work.Įxample 4: Search engines like Google have changed the way scholars find research (Grigas et al.). Signal phrases are ways to lead into or introduce a source or quote. These are some examples of what it looks like to use a signal verb. No page number? That can be the case for electronic sources. Use the past tense of the verb for APA and Chicago styles, and the present tense for MLA. Use the title of the work instead.Įxample 3: Writing is a recursive process ("Resources for Writers: The Writing Process"). The way you format an in-text citation depends on the type of source and how the source appears on your Works Cited page.Įxample 1: Writing is a process of discovery (Murray 1235).įun fact! If you've already mentioned the author's name in the sentence, you don't have to include their name again in the parenthetical citation.Įxample 2: Peter Elbow and Pat Belanoff contend that research is a process of combining new and existing knowledge (303).ĭon't know the author's name? Don't panic. You can do this by using a parenthetical citation, aka an in-text citation. Whether you've used a quote or a paraphrase, you must always cite your evidence. Organize your works cited page alphabetically Use a signal phrase at the beginning or end of the quotation/ paraphrase: Sample signal phrases.For in-text citations, include the author's name and page number(s), when known.Use a signal phrase the first time you mention a source.Citations and Works Cited entries in MLA prioritize the name and authority of the author. MLA is typically the preferred citation style for writers in the humanities. If you list the name of the author, the parenthetical citation need only contain the page number. MLA citations A guide to formatting in MLA style The basics If the information derived from more than one page in the work, format page numbers just as you do in an MLA Works Cited. ![]()
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